Book-binding



(No Model.)

J. D. BAUER.

BOOK BINDING.

No. 467,076. Patented Jan. 12, 1892.

NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN D. BAUER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

BOOK-BINDING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 467,076, dated January12, 1892.

Application filed March 26, 1891. Serial No. 386,483. (No model.)

To 1% whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN D. BAUER, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful lmprovementsin Book-Binding, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to book-binding upon tapes, which are secured tothe outer cover or casing of the book, and has for its object theproduction of a book which will open flat, that will economize the useof thread by dispensing with the usual loops or lengths of thread whichlie in the folds of the sections between the tapes, and, finally, inwhich the tapes are secured to the sections independently of andunconnected with each other, and in which all the sections are connectedwith each other separately through each tape or band by threads passingfirst through the sections and through the band in regular order, theresult being that the breaking of any one tape or band or any of thestitches which hold it cannot affect the adjoining band or its stitches,and in which the breaking of a thread in any one of the bands will notafiect more than the one adjoining thread of the same band; and myinvention is adapted to blank books.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is aperspective View of the book bound in accordance with myimprovement.Fig. 2 is an elevation from the rear of a pack of sections orsignatures,showing on the left-hand sideatape sewed thereto in accordance with myinvention, and on the right-hand side showing the tape cut off, and indotted lines the thread on the inside of the folds of the sections orsignatures. Fig. 3 is a section of a book through the line 0: cc ofFig. 1. Fig. 4 represents two sections or signatures sewed to the tapeaccording to my improvement, the dotted lines illustrating the threadthat lies inside in the fold of the section.

The usual mode of securing together the sections and back of books ofthe class to which my invention relates is to sew the signatures orsections upon a series of tapes particularly placed more nearly in thecenter of the book, and the threads which hold the same pass from end toend of each signature or section and intermediately over each of thetapes, as follows, viz: The thread first enters the outer section orsignature from the outside of the fold and lies along the insidethereof, then passes outwardly through the fold of the section andoverthefirsttape,theninwardlyagain on the other side of this tape andagain lies on the inside of the section,then outwardly to the outside ofthe section and over the second tape, and so 0n,c0vering all the tapes,then finally passing outwardly, where the end of the thread appears onthe outside of the section, where it is knotted by the well-knownkettlestitch. Thence the thread is continued downward through the nextsignature or section, then lying for a distance on theinside of thatfold or signature, then passing upwardly over the tape on the outside ofthe signature, thence downwardly, and so on to the end of the signature,where the thread emerges through the fold of the signature to theoutside thereof, is then caught into the thread where it began on thefirst signature, and a knot or kettle-stitch made in it, when the threadis then passed downward through the fold of the third signature andupward to the top over the several tapes, and so on until allthesignatuers orsections of the bookare bound by the several tapes. Itwill thus be seen that by this, the usual mode of binding books upontapes, the latter are not independent of each other in the sense thatthey are held to the sections by separate threads; but, on the contrary,if a thread braeks it affects all the tapes, and in addition thereto thethreads which lie on the inside of the several folds or signaturesbetween the points covered by the tapes not only make the book bulky,but prevent it from being opened fiat. In order to obviate these severaldifficulties and to attain the several objects first above stated,Iconstruct my book as follows:

Referring to the drawings,AA in the several figures represent each asection or signature of leaves of paper folded at (t a, and throughwhich fold the threads pass upward and downward, respectively, ashereinafter mentioned, so as to form loops on the inside as well as theoutside of the signature or section,

the outside loop 0 being over the transverse tapes or bands 13 and theinside loops D lying within the fold of the section.

The number of tapes B used, whether two or more, will depend upon thelength of the book, and my improved mode of attaching them to a seriesor pack of sections or signatures and of sewing said sections orsignatures together is as follows: The thread first enters the firstsection downward from the outside and lies along the inside fold,forming the inside loop D for a distance equaling the width of the tape.It then passes upward through the fold of the signature and over theoutside of the tape, thus forming the outside loop 0, and is joined atthe place of beginning with the end of the thread by the well-knownkettlestitch. The thread then passes downward through the neXt section,forming an inside loop D within the fold of that section, also the widthof the tape, then upward over the tape, forming another outside loop C,similar to and lying parallel to the first, and there is joined with thefirst knot by a similar kettle-stitch, and so on, the operationproceeding until all the sections are joined together over the firsttape. A similar mode of procedure is adopted for each succeeding taperequired upon the book. For symmetry of final manufacture and easing ofthe book it is preferable that the row of kettle-stitches should be uponthat side of the end tapes facing the ends of the book, respectively. Itwill be apparent to book-binders that the bands or tapes may be passedthrough the outside loops after they are formed, instead of doing thesewing over the same while in position upon the pack of unsewedsections. The bands or tapes, which are pervions to glue, as usual, arethen glued in the usual manner to the binding, and the band or bands maybe of any desired number and width, or a single band may be used, and incase of a very wide band the thread brought up through the band itselfinstead of at a point immediately outside of its selvage.

It will be seen that by my mode of sewing there will be no inside threadlying between the points II H, (see Fig. 1,) hence economy in the use ofthe thread, and enabling the book to open much flatter than when theinside of the section or fold for its own length is filled with aninside thread or loop, as usual. It will also be seen that by this modeof binding books each band or each section of band is separately sewednot only to the pack of sections, but to each section, and that thebreaking or loosening of the band will not aitect the remaining bands;in like manner that the breaking of a thread holding one band will notaffect the threads holding the other band, and, finally, that thebreaking of a thread in any one of the bands will not affect more thanthe one adjoining thread of the same band.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A book in which the sections or signatures are sewed to each otherand connected by transverse bands, by thread-loops formed 011 the insideas well as the outside of each separate signature or fold, said loopsbeing connected with each other at one end thereof, and on the outsideof the section by kettlestitches or knots, substantially as described.

2. The mode herein described of uniting the sections of a book to eachother and to transverse tapes or bands by forming one or more series ofinside and outside threadloops on the fold of the section, the outsideloops passing over said band and uniting said loops externally with eachother at one end by kettle-stitches or knots, substantially as setforth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 27th dayof December, A. D. 1890.

JOHN D. BAUER.

\Vitnesses:

II. T. FENTOX, O. V. BECK.

